Second world war information.

 Second world war information.

World War II (1939-1945) involved multiple countries and factions. Here's an overview:


*Axis Powers:*

1. Germany (led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party)
2. Italy (led by Benito Mussolini and the Fascist Party)
3. Japan (led by Hideki Tojo and the Imperial Japanese Army)
4. Austria (after annexation by Germany)
5. Bulgaria
6. Hungary
7. Romania (from 1940)
8. Slovakia
9. Croatia (after declaration of independence)
10. Finland (fought against USSR in Continuation War)
11. Thailand (fought against Allies in Southeast Asia)
12. Manchukuo (Japanese puppet state in China)
13. Italy's colonies in Africa


*Allied Powers:*

1. United States
2. United Kingdom (Britain)
3. Soviet Union (USSR)
4. France (after liberation from German occupation)
5. China
6. Canada
7. Australia
8. India (as a British dominion)
9. South Africa
10. Brazil
11. Poland (government-in-exile)
12. Belgium
13. Netherlands
14. Greece
15. Yugoslavia (until invasion and fragmentation)
16. Czechoslovakia (government-in-exile)
17. Philippines (US commonwealth)
18. New Zealand


*Neutral Countries:*

1. Sweden
2. Switzerland
3. Spain (remained neutral but sympathetic to Axis)
4. Portugal
5. Ireland
6. Vatican City
7. Turkey (remained neutral until 1945)
8. Afghanistan


*Key Events:*

1. German invasion of Poland (September 1, 1939)
2. Battle of Britain (July-October 1940)
3. Invasion of USSR (June 22, 1941)
4. Pearl Harbor attack (December 7, 1941)
5. Battle of Stalingrad (August 1942-February 1943)
6. D-Day invasion of Normandy (June 6, 1944)
7. Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (August 6-9, 1945)
8. German surrender (May 8, 1945)
9. Japanese surrender (September 2, 1945)


*Causes:*

1. Rise of fascist and nationalist ideologies
2. German resentment and revisionism after WWI
3. Appeasement policy
4. Economic instability and Great Depression
5. Imperialist expansion


*Consequences:*

1. Over 50 million fatalities
2. Destruction of cities and infrastructure
3. Formation of United Nations
4. Emergence of US and USSR as superpowers
5. Division of Europe into Eastern and Western blocs
6. Establishment of Israel in 1948


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